Project

Pilot Study

A mixed-method study on the phenomenology of shamatha and vipashyana contemplative training for full-time meditation retreatants

Description

The purpose of this study is to gain a detailed phenomenological and electrophysiological understanding of the individual experiences and neural correlates of full-time contemplatives engaged in long-term meditation retreats.

The Principal Investigator for this study is Anita Milicevic, Ph.D., Research and Education Director of the CCR (anita.milicevic@centerforcontemplativeresearch.org).

This study’s procedures have been approved by an independent institutional review board: Advarra IRB of Columbia, Maryland.

Goals

The aims of this work include the following:

  • to explore the quality of subjective experiences in a long-term retreat;
  • to examine whether attentional imbalances — ranging from excitation to dullness — can be overcome;
  • to examine whether there are coherent markers that identify different stages of attentional and emotional development experienced by individuals undertaking this contemplative training; and
  • to observe any changes in the spectral amplitudes and microstates of EEG recordings.

Outputs

The study is expected to last approximately 45 months and involve 20 individuals aged 25–85. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected in two phases of the project.

Full-time contemplatives and control participants who meditate but are not in full-time retreat have completed weekly reflective journal writing regarding their meditation practice. The journals are presently undergoing analysis using a method known as interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). At the beginning of the study, and then in three-month intervals for approximately one year, the full-time contemplatives and control participants also completed multiple psychological questionnaires that addressed attentional and emotional states. Meditation teachers at the CCR participated in recorded interviews with the Principal Investigator and provided independent, expert evaluations of the contemplatives’ subjective experiences, attentional abilities, and reflective insights. The data collection of this first phase of the study has been completed.

Across three years of the study, the full-time contemplatives will participate in recurring EEG recordings, during which they will perform multiple meditation techniques. Researchers will make notes of their observations during these recordings. Following the EEG sessions, the contemplatives will take part in brief journaling to capture their subjective experiences during the meditation sessions.